#HEDONIC SHOPPING MOTIVES INCLUDE HOW TO#

Appetitive emotions are described as goals that can be associated with the positive hedonic processes of survival and pleasure, such as food and sex. Appetitive and Aversive emotions Īnother set of key terms similar to the two the Greeks used to describe hedonic motivation is appetitive emotion and aversive motivation. If an animal does not flee from or avoid nociception they are likely to be faced with unpleasant effects. Nociception is the opposite of beneception and is concerned with consequences and negative hedonic motivation. Beneception is a term that is linked to pleasure and positive hedonic motivation it is key to animal's survival that they follow this instinct towards a purpose. They believed that these two principles decided the motivation in all living things. One of the oldest examples is probably the Greeks' theory of beneception and nociception. There are several theories that exert characteristics of Hedonic motivation and behavior, and rely on these qualities to better understand human purpose and human nature. Thorndike formulated the idea of law and effect which explains the idea that behavior followed by satisfying consequences is strengthened and if followed by unsatisfying consequences weakened. To follow up with Spencer, Edward Lee Thorndike viewed hedonic motivation the same way and stemmed many of his ideas from Spencer. He further explained that the longing anticipation of pain or pleasure is the guide of motivation for a person and their behaviors.

He believed that pleasure supported behaviors that benefit life while pain supported behaviors that bring harm into their lives. He believed that people bring feelings or pleasure into their mind of consciousness while also driving out feelings of pain. Herbert Spencer viewed hedonic motivation by stating that pain and pleasure motivate behavior when those feelings reach a person's consciousness. Freud presented the term pleasure principle which refers to a person's pursuit of pleasure that is obtained from a decrease in psychological tension. Sigmund Freud viewed hedonic motivation as people tend to look at the long-term pleasure/happiness of things and would rather take the immediate discomfort if they know they will have a pleasurable outcome later on, also known as the reality principle. Examples of utility is money because it increases a person's happiness. He also believed in the phrase principle of utility which is an idea that people choose their actions based on if it increases or decreases their happiness. Bentham believed in decision theory in which of all the possible end-states, which one would we choose? As people weigh pros and cons of each outcome, people will choose the one with the most positive outcomes. To go off on Hobbes’ views, Jeremy Bentham believed people are slaves to pleasure and pain and that hedonic motivation is determined by positive or negative consequences. Our learned remembrance on whether something was pleasurable or unpleasant sets our motivation to approach that event. Thomas Hobbes’ viewed hedonic motivation as people tend to approach pleasurable/positive environmental events and avoid painful/negative environmental events, also known as incentive motivation.

#HEDONIC SHOPPING MOTIVES INCLUDE HOW TO#

His take on hedonic motivation was that people have their own definitions on what is pleasurable and painful to them.Įpicurus viewed hedonic motivation as that pain and pleasure eventually even out and people learn how to do things in moderation.Īs these early views of hedonic motivation took place, later philosophers also took an interest in their own interpretations. He viewed it as a person should follow a course of action for which pleasure exceeds pain and if a person does not follow that path, it is because they do not fully understand the knowledge of the pleasure or pain that can result.ĭemocritus viewed hedonic motivation along the same lines as Socrates’, but he did not have a defining definition of what was pleasurable and what was painful besides that people enjoy pleasure and people avoid pain. Socrates was one of the first few people to start interpreting Hedonic motivation. Different views Īs the term 'hedonic motivation' occurred, different types of interpretations and views also occurred as well. For example, hedonic goods are bought so that the consumer may gain pleasure and enjoyment from the good, and value experiences are also viewed as hedonic experiences. This is interesting because even though hedonic motivation incorporates the pursuit of pleasure as well as the avoidance of painful situations, the concept has been traditionally linked to the positive connotation of pleasure. The root word hedonic comes from the Greek word for “sweet”, which means relating to or characterized by pleasure. Historically, approach and avoidance motivation have been linked to the hedonic characteristics of pleasure and pain.

Hedonic shopping motives include